Applications:

• Overactive Bladder (OAB): Treats urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence.

• Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: Manages bladder spasms in neurological conditions (e.g., MS, spinal injury).

Side Effects:

• Common: Dry mouth (35% of users), constipation, blurred vision, headache.

• Serious (Rare):

  • QT prolongation (caution in heart disease).

  • Angioedema (swelling of face/throat).

  • Urinary retention (risk in prostate enlargement).

Applications:

• GI Spasms: Treats irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and abdominal cramps.

• Biliary/Urinary Colic: Relieves pain from gallstones or kidney stones.

• Endoscopic Procedures: Reduces intestinal motility during colonoscopy.

• Menstrual Cramps: Eases dysmenorrhea (off-label use).

Side Effects:

• Common: Dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision (mild anticholinergic effects).

• Serious (Rare):

  • Tachycardia (fast heart rate).

  • Urinary retention (especially in elderly men with prostate issues).

  • Allergic reactions (rash, anaphylaxis).

Applications:

• Abdominal Pain: Relieves cramps in IBS, gastritis, or menstrual discomfort.

• Biliary Colic: Eases spasms in gallbladder/bile duct disorders.

• Urinary Tract Spasms: Treats discomfort from kidney stones or UTIs.

• Gynecological Use: Reduces labor pains (off-label) and dysmenorrhea.

Side Effects:

• Common: Dizziness, nausea, mild headache.

• Rare:

  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching).

  • Low blood pressure (with high doses).

  • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).