Lactulose is an osmotic laxative used to treat constipation and manage hepatic encephalopathy.

Applications:

• Relieves chronic constipation by drawing water into the bowel.

• Reduces blood ammonia levels in patients with liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy).

Side Effects:

• Common: bloating, gas, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.

• Serious (rare): electrolyte imbalance with prolonged use or high doses.