Applications:

• GI Spasms: Treats irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulitis, and abdominal cramps.

• Biliary/Urinary Colic: Relieves pain from gallstones or kidney stones.

• Endoscopic Procedures: Reduces intestinal motility during colonoscopy.

• Menstrual Cramps: Eases dysmenorrhea (off-label use).

Side Effects:

• Common: Dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision (mild anticholinergic effects).

• Serious (Rare):

  • Tachycardia (fast heart rate).

  • Urinary retention (especially in elderly men with prostate issues).

  • Allergic reactions (rash, anaphylaxis).

Applications:

• Abdominal Pain: Relieves cramps in IBS, gastritis, or menstrual discomfort.

• Biliary Colic: Eases spasms in gallbladder/bile duct disorders.

• Urinary Tract Spasms: Treats discomfort from kidney stones or UTIs.

• Gynecological Use: Reduces labor pains (off-label) and dysmenorrhea.

Side Effects:

• Common: Dizziness, nausea, mild headache.

• Rare:

  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching).

  • Low blood pressure (with high doses).

  • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).

Applications:

• Overactive Bladder (OAB): Treats frequent urination, urgency, and incontinence.

• Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: Manages bladder control issues in neurological conditions (e.g., MS, spinal cord injury).

Side Effects:

• Common: Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness.

• Serious (Rare):

  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling).

  • Worsening glaucoma (caution in patients with eye conditions).

  • Urinary retention (in men with prostate enlargement).