Applications:

• Overactive Bladder (OAB): Reduces urgency, frequency, and incontinence.

• Neurogenic Bladder: Manages urinary leakage in spinal cord injury/MS.

• Pediatric Enuresis: Treats bedwetting (off-label in children ≥5 yrs).

Side Effects:

• Common: Dry mouth (70% of users), constipation, blurred vision, drowsiness.

• Serious (Rare):

  • Urinary retention (risk in prostate enlargement).

  • Heatstroke (reduced sweating in high temperatures).

  • CNS effects (confusion in elderly).

Applications:

• Abdominal Pain: Relieves cramps in IBS, gastritis, or menstrual discomfort.

• Biliary Colic: Eases spasms in gallbladder/bile duct disorders.

• Urinary Tract Spasms: Treats discomfort from kidney stones or UTIs.

• Gynecological Use: Reduces labor pains (off-label) and dysmenorrhea.

Side Effects:

• Common: Dizziness, nausea, mild headache.

• Rare:

  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching).

  • Low blood pressure (with high doses).

  • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia).