Lactulose is an osmotic laxative used to treat constipation and manage hepatic encephalopathy.

Applications:

• Relieves chronic constipation by drawing water into the bowel.

• Reduces blood ammonia levels in patients with liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy).

Side Effects:

• Common: bloating, gas, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.

• Serious (rare): electrolyte imbalance with prolonged use or high doses.

Cascara Sagrada is a natural stimulant laxative derived from the bark of the Rhamnus purshiana tree.

Applications:

• Used to relieve occasional constipation.

• Sometimes included in herbal detox or colon cleanse products.

Side Effects:

• Common: abdominal cramps, diarrhea.

• Serious (with long-term use): electrolyte imbalance, dependency, liver damage (rare).