Applications:

• Overactive Bladder (OAB): Reduces urgency, frequency, and incontinence.

• Neurogenic Bladder: Manages urinary leakage in spinal cord injury/MS.

• Pediatric Enuresis: Treats bedwetting (off-label in children ≥5 yrs).

Side Effects:

• Common: Dry mouth (70% of users), constipation, blurred vision, drowsiness.

• Serious (Rare):

  • Urinary retention (risk in prostate enlargement).

  • Heatstroke (reduced sweating in high temperatures).

  • CNS effects (confusion in elderly).

Applications:

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Relieves abdominal pain, bloating, and cramps.

• Functional GI Disorders: Manages spasms in conditions like diverticulitis.

Side Effects:

• Common: Mild dizziness, headache, nausea.

• Rare:

  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching).

  • Constipation or diarrhea.